【1】Cultivate strong seedlings and improve the stress resistance of peanuts

Naa Iaa

The use of 10-16mg/L 50% naphthalene ethyl indole acetic acid liquid before sowing can improve the germination rate, promote the growth of the root system at the seedling stage, and improve the root vigor.

Brassinolide

Brassinolide can improve the cold resistance of peanut seedlings. Spring peanuts in southern China are often affected by the cold spring, resulting in a shortage of seedlings. In Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, peanut seeds were soaked with 0.01-0.1 mg/L brassinolide liquid for 24 hours to promote germination and increase the content of amino acids, soluble sugar and chlorophyll. Brassinolide solution treatment at 4℃ could slow down the degradation of chlorophyll and reduce the accumulation of MDA, which is the product of membrane lipid oxidation, indicating that the treatment with brassinolide can improve the resistance of seedlings to low temperatures. When the temperature rose (18-20 ℃) for 5 days, most of the control group wilted, while the growth was normal in the Brassica lactone treatment.

Chlormequat

Peanuts at the 3-leaf stage were treated with 75-300 mg/L chameleon liquid and then subjected to drought treatment. Experiments showed that chlormethalin could increase the content of endogenous abscisic acid in peanut seedlings during drought stress period, and the treatment with 150 mg/L liquid was the most significant. In addition, it can also improve the activity of protective enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase) that protect against oxygen-free radical damage in plants, so that cell membranes are less damaged by drought. Therefore, the leaf water content was higher, which indicated that the chlorophyll treatment could improve the drought resistance of peanut seedlings to a certain extent.

Paclobutrazol

Dress the seeds with 50-100mg/L paclobutrazol liquid, the dosage is based on the degree of soaking the seeds, and after planting for 1 hour, dry and plant them in the field; or spray 100-150mg/L paclobutrazol liquid on peanut plants with 5-6 leaves, can regulate the growth and development of peanut seedling stage. The specific performance is to promote the shortening of internodes at the base of the stem, the reduction of plant height, the increase of branches, the development of root system, and the enhancement of root vitality; the volume of water storage cells in leaves increases, the transpiration rate decreases, and the water content of leaves increases, which can improve the drought resistance of peanuts.

Triadimefon

Triadimefon has growth retardant activity, which can delay crop growth, reduce leaf area, increase leaf thickness, and improve stress resistance. At the 4-leaf stage of peanut, spraying peanut plants with 300mg/L triadimefon liquid can adjust the growth of seedlings and make them have certain drought resistance.

【2】Control vegetative growth, regulate growth and development

Prohexadione calcium

According to a large number of experiments, spraying 150-200mg/L procyclonic acid calcium solution and 30-45kg per mu spraying solution at the end of full bloom can effectively reduce plant height, shorten internode length, increase the number of needles, and improve leaf photosynthesis Strength, root activity, single fruit weight and yield, significantly improve the activity of peanut superoxide dismutase, peroxide, catalase and other protective enzymes, improve peanut vitality, prevent premature aging, and improve peanut yield in many ways.

Mepiquat chloride

From the acupuncture stage to the early stage of pod formation, foliar spraying with 150 mg/L mepiquat chloride can improve the ability of roots to synthesize amino acids, promote the absorption of inorganic phosphorus by roots, and regulate the utilization and transformation of carbohydrates. , thereby improving root vitality and delaying root senescence. It is beneficial to the growth and pod formation of peanuts in the middle and late stages, which can increase the number of peanut pods, increase the number of full fruits, accelerate the development of pods, increase the weight and volume of single fruit, and increase the yield by 10% to 40% on average.

Paclobutrazol

The concentration of paclobutrazol and the amount of liquid medicine used in the full flowering period are determined by the growth of peanut plants. When the field fertility is high, the cultivation density is high, or the water and fertilizer are more, the plants grow vigorously, and the concentration of the applied agent should be higher. It can be larger, or even sprayed twice, in order to suppress leggy growth and achieve high yield; in the field with medium fertility and moderate cultivation density, or when the rain is normal, and the plant is growing in medium, the concentration of the application agent can be diluted, and the amount of liquid medicine can be general; in the field When the fertility is poor, the planting density is thin or the rain is insufficient, and the plant growth is poor, it is not suitable to apply paclobutrazol, otherwise the yield will be reduced. The concentration of paclobutrazol is 100～300mg/L.

Triadimefon

Using 100～600mg/L triadimefon liquid to spray 25～30d after spring peanut begins to flower, the test results of spring peanut show that the number of green leaves at the harvest point is more, and more photosynthetic products are formed; 300～500mg/L triadimefon treatment The yield is about 10% higher than that of the control. It can be seen that triazolone has the advantages of preventing leggy lodging, preventing disease and senescence, having more green leaves, forming more photosynthetic products, and increasing yield.

Uniconazole

Spraying with 50-100mg/L uniconazole at the early flowering stage or with 60-120mg/L uniconazole at the full-flowering stage can reduce the plant height, promote thicker stems, thicker leaves and darker color, and promote the transport of photosynthetic products to the pods , seed kernels, increase yield, the yield increase rate can reach more than 10%.

Modulating phosphine

About 10 days after the peanut entered the peak flowering period of a single plant, the peanut plants were sprayed with 250-500 mg/L phosphine-adjusted liquid, and water was used as the control. 6d after spraying, the number of flowers decreased sharply, even reduced to 1/10 of the control, the flowers were obviously smaller, and there was no pollen in the anthers. The post-harvest seed test showed that the phosphine regulation could significantly reduce the empty fruit needles and young fruit of peanut, and increase the number of fruit, full fruit bunches and yield per plant, and the yield increase ranged from 6% to 17%.

Mepiquat chloride Paclobutrazol

In the period from the needle-making stage to the pod-setting stage of peanuts, use 100-150g of 10% Doxazole mepiquat chloride wettable powder per mu, add 30-45kg of water, and spray the foliage evenly once. It can be sprayed twice on the Wangchang plot with an interval of 15 to 20 days, which can not only effectively control the length of stems and leaves, but also significantly promote the expansion of pods, increase the rate of double nuts and full fruits by 12%, and increase the weight of 100 fruits by about 10g. The yield can be increased by 6% to 14%.

【3】Promote production increase and prevent premature aging

Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate

Spraying the whole plant with 40mg/L diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate liquid once in full bloom of peanut can promote the assimilation of carbon dioxide and improve the photosynthetic efficiency of peanut leaves. Under drought stress, it can protect the integrity of cell membrane and reduce leaf water loss. rate, increase the water retention capacity of leaves, slow down the damage of drought to leaves, and prevent premature leaf senescence in the later stage.

DCPTA spraying 30-40 mg/L DCPTA liquid evenly on the whole plant at the first flowering stage, the lower needle stage and the pod setting stage can increase the number of pods, and has the effect of fruit expansion and yield increase.

Brassinolide

Using 0.05-0.2 mg/L brassinolide solution, sprayed once in each of peanut seedling stage, flowering stage and lower needle stage, and sprayed brassin at seedling stage, which increased the content of chlorophyll and proline, and enhanced the effect of chlorophyll and proline. The oxidase activity and root activity promoted the growth and development of peanut, and the main stem height, the length of the first pair of lateral branches, the number of branches, the number of fruit needles and the dry weight of the plant were all higher than those of the control. Spraying Brassinolide at the flowering and lower needle stages can significantly increase the nitrate reductase activity and the content of leaf protein and soluble sugar in peanut plants, and enhance the root vigor of the main root. After spraying for 28 days, the fresh weight and dry weight of unit leaf area and the fresh weight and dry weight of plants all increased. When ripe and harvested, the number of pods per plant, the rate of full fruit and the yield were higher than those of the control, which finally increased the yield of peanut pods.

Triacontanol

Spraying 0.5-1mg/L triacontanol at the peanut seedling stage, before and after flowering, can improve the chlorophyll content and photosynthesis efficiency, promote the utilization rate of light energy, speed up the accumulation of fat and protein, and make the peanut ripen 5-7 days earlier, and It can improve the rate of full fruit, the rate of double kernels and the weight of 100 kernels, and the yield is increased by 5% to 10%.

Yield

In the early flowering stage and the lowering stage, spray 1 or 2 times with 10-40 mg/L Yield-increasing Spirit liquid, which can increase the number of branches and fruit, and promote the increase of yield.

CPPU

From the next needle stage to the pod setting stage, foliar spraying with 1-5mg/L liquid medicine can improve the full fruit rate and increase the yield.

Sodium Nitrophenolate

With 6-12mg/L sodium nitrophenolate solution sprayed once on the 4th, 8th and 12th leaf stage of peanut main stem respectively, the leaf color is dark green, the leaf spot disease is reduced, the number of results is increased, the pods and seed kernels are heavier, especially The number of full fruits increases, the rate of full fruits is increased, and the effect of increasing yield is remarkable.

Gibberellic acid

The low-node flowers that bloom early are mostly effective flowers, and the high-node flowers that bloom late are mostly ineffective flowers. Because even if the flowers with high node position form fruit needles, due to the high node position, the fruit needles cannot penetrate into the soil, resulting in empty needles. According to research, fruit needle elongation is greatly affected by gibberellic acid. On the 20th and 27th day after the first flowering of spring peanuts, 30-40mg/L gibberellic acid solution was sprayed on the middle and lower parts of the plant. The number of pods on the fifth branch and main stem was significantly higher than that of the control, and the rate of full fruit was high. Gibberellic acid promoted high node position. Pod development, increase the number of full fruit at high nodes. Summer peanuts should be sprayed 20 days after the beginning of flowering, but the yield increase effect is not as significant as that of spring peanuts.

Ethephon

Peanuts have more flowers, less pods, more succulents, and less full fruits, so try to control the later flowers, so that they have less or no flowering, so as to reduce nutrient consumption and create conditions for more pods and full pods. When there are 5-6 leaves in the early flowering stage, foliar spray with 100-300mg/L ethephon solution or 2000mg/L ethephon solution 25 days after peanut flowering can control the number of flowers and make the plants tall, tough, and The leaves are small and dark in color, which promotes single fruit weight and increases yield. If the medication is too late, after the full bloom period, the effect of controlling flowering will be small, but there will be a phenomenon of “falling green”.

Polyamine

In the middle and late stage of peanut growth, spraying 145mg/L spermidine or 1740mg/LL-arginine on the leaves can increase the content of chlorophyll and protein, delay the decline of chlorophyll and protein content in the process of leaf senescence, and improve the removal of peroxides. activity, reducing the content of malondialdehyde, a product of membrane lipid peroxidation.

【4】Overcome the incompatibility of peanut interspecific hybridization

Gibberellic acid and kinetin

In order to increase the fertilization frequency of incompatible hybridization and promote the development of peanut pods, the female parent plants were emasculated, and the fresh male parent pollen was collected in the early morning of the second day. At the ovary at the base of the peanut style, the average needle extraction rate was 14.2% to 33.3%, the fruit needle lengthened 8.7cm, and the ovary expansion rate was 75%. After 20 days, the fruit needles were treated with 100 mg/L auxin liquid, and the ovary enlargement rate reached 87.2%. After another 15 days, the pods were treated with 10～50mg/L furfuraminopurine (kinetin) solution, which could promote the formation of pods, and the pod formation rate was 12.5%～65.1%.